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Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station
Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station, also known as the Horn Island Testing Station, was a U.S. biological weapons testing site during World War II. It was located on Mississippi's Horn Island and opened in 1943. When the war ended, the facility was closed.
==History==
Horn Island Chemical Warfare Service Quarantine Station〔 was acquired in March 1943 by the U.S. Army for use as a biological weapons testing site.〔Harris, Sheldon H. ''Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare 1932-45 and the American Cover-Up'', ((Google Books )), Routledge, 1994, pp. 155-56, (ISBN 0415091055).〕 The site was located on Horn Island, about south of Pascagoula, Mississippi,〔 and opened on October 29, 1943.〔 The site〔Whitby, Simon M. ''Biological Warfare Against Crops'', ((Google Books )), Macmillan, 2002, pp. 73-74, (ISBN 0333920856).〕 on Horn Island was managed and built by the Chemical Warfare Service's (CWS) Special Projects Division (SPD).〔Lindler, Luther E. et al. ''Biological Weapons Defense: Infectious Diseases and Counterbioterrorism'', ((Google Books )), Humana Press, 2005, p. 156, (ISBN 1588291847).〕 By May 1944 the U.S. bio-weapons program employed 1,500 people between its Horn Island facility and the facilities at Camp Detrick.〔 The work at Horn Island, like all of the work done at SPD facilities during World War II was highly classified and precautions were taken to ensure the work remained secret;〔 during the Army's occupation of Horn Island the public was barred from the island.〔
Soon after construction at the facility was complete it was found that the area was unsuitable for large-scale testing of biological agents.〔 At the time, shipping traffic on the Mississippi River, near the island, was rising.〔 It was determined that bio-weapons trials in close proximity to human population was undesirable and testing on the island was limited.〔 Shortly before the end of World War II, on August 11, 1945, an order from the CWS declared that the Special Projects Division was to cease its activities.〔Guillemin, Jeanne. ''Biological Weapons: From the Invention of State-sponsored Programs to Contemporary Bioterrorism'', ((Google Books )), Columbia University Press, 2005, pp. 64-72, (ISBN 0231129424).〕 The facility at Horn Island was closed in 1946.〔
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